50
YEARS OF NAXALBARI.
Hold High The
Banner Of Naxalbari Struggle.
A
Revolutionary Peasant Struggle for Land, Food and Liberation
25 th May 1967 was a
day when nine peasant fighters fell to the bullets rained by the
armed police
and became Martyrs
in Naxalbari, Siliguri Sub-division, Darjeeling district of West
Bengal. It is 50
years since then.
On this day, the
Naxalbari peasants had sacrificed their lives, set the masses of
Indian peasants once again on the rails of revolution and brought a
most essential historic turn in the Indian politics.
Our hearts will
overflow with revolutionary enthusiasm even after 50 years when we
recollect the scenes of surging revolutionary waves of Naxalbari. The
blood shed by the Martyrs will fill the
eyes with tears and
turn red. The higher level of consciousness, path of struggle and the
message
handed down by this
struggle would further sharpen one’s understanding.
Those were the
Revolutionary Days
Those were the days
when the national liberation and national independence movements,
people’s revolutions and anti-imperialist struggles were advancing
in many countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America. Particularly,
the US imperialists, who were most arrogantly threatening to crush
the world people under their feet were biting the dust facing one
defeat after the other in the hands of heroic people of Vietnam. The
solidarity and unity amonthe anti-imperialist and anti-aggression
struggles were sweeping in the world. The working class andother
toiling people in the capitalist countries were increasingly coming
into struggle in defence of their lives and rights. The rise of
modern revisionism in USSR and world was, doubtlessly, a painful and
adverse development. But it is also an indisputable fact that the
Marxist Leninist forces in the world were not swept away by
demoralization. They did not compromise with the situation. The
Marxist Leninist forces in various countries had revolted against
modern revisionism and intensified the ideological struggle against
it under the leadership of CPC and Albanian Party. All this had
enhanced the confidence and strength of the forces striving to
protect and advance the revolutionary movements in various countries
of the world.
Those were the days
when the economic and political crisis had intensified in India. The
exploiting
ruling classes in
India had driven the country into much deep crisis by devaluing the
rupee as dictated by the US imperialists. They imposed unbearable
burdens on the backs of people. The food crisis had taken an ugly
form. It led the people in some areas of the country into waves of
struggles.
In many areas, the
workers, other toiling people, middle classes, students and youth
took to the path of struggle. More particularly, with the
intensification of contradictions between the landlords and poor,
landless peasants, the rural India in many parts had turned into a
volcano ready to explode.
The anti-feudal
struggles had erupted in Bengal, Andhra, Bihar, UP, Punjab andother
states. In several areas, the land to the tiller was no more a slogan
of propaganda. It had come to the fore as the slogan of action for
lakhs of poor and landless peasants and demanded an immediate
resolution. The task
of questioning the authority of feudal classes over the land and
defending from their mercenaries had come to the fore in practice
where ever the peasant struggles had taken an
organized and
militant form. The struggle against modern revisionism has had its
wide impact on the communists in India too. The tremendous victories
won by China in Socialist construction and the victories and advances
of national liberation movement had given a great impetus to the
peasant movements and the movements of working class and other
toiling people in India. The Congress which was monopolizing power in
the country till then, had suffered inglorious defeats in several
states in the March 1967 elections and was replaced by coalition
govts in 9 states. This developmen came as a pointer to the
intensifying contradictions and crisis faced by the comprador
bourgeois –landlord ruling classes as well as the growing
disenchantment and protestamong the people against the autocratic
rule of the exploiting classes. All these were pointers to the
existence of fine revolutionary situation in the country at the time.
Naxalbari
Naxalbari was not a
spontaneous, local or isolated ocurance as some think or seek to
interpret. It was not an adventurist act by some “extremist” or
impetuous elements isolated or separated from the people as some seek
to vulgarise or sling mud at it.
The Naxalbari
peasant revolutionary movement is a product of consistent and
dedicated work carried on by the Communists for several years among
the most exploited and oppressed people with a revolutionary
orientation and in the light of revolutionary mass line and in a fine
revolutionary situation.
The peasant
revolutionary movements and the peasant armed struggles that were
waged by the people in the world and India (China, Vietnam, Tebhaga,
Telangana and others) were a source of great inspiration for this
struggle. The ideological struggle carried on by the Communists in
this region against revisionism and neo revisionism as well as the
political work among the people had provided the necessary
ideological guidance, political direction and created the conditions
for this struggle. The efforts made by the Communists in this area to
build the party and mass organizations had ensured the necessary
organizational basis and leadership for this struggle. The masses of
people had developed their consciousness and organized in the course
of struggles in various forms – legal, illegal, peaceful, violent
and many other forms – against the jotedars and the govt. The
people were not satisfied with and did not stop at the resolution of
immediate problems. They sought to resolve the land question-the main
content of agrarian revolution and overthrow the feudal authority
through their struggle. They sought to carry out the revolutionary
land reforms.
Dajeeling is a
mountainous and forest region in West Bengal.The inhuman exploitation
and oppression by the Tea plantation Owners had pushed the peasants
here into abject poverty and turned landless. Naxalbari, Kharibari
and Phansideva were the main arena for the Naxalbari peasant struggle
in Siliguri Sub-division of Darjeeling district. Com. Charu Mazumdar,
Com.Kanu Sanyal, Com. Khudan Mallick,Com.Jangal Santhal and
Com.Khokan Mazumdar had provided the leadership to the party and
peasant movement here.
The efforts to build
the peasant movement here had begun in 1959. By 1964, the consistent
and
dedicated work
carried on by the Communists had given a definite shape to the
peasant movement. But the state leadership of the CPI (M) had taken
no steps to put the movement on the rails of revolutionary movement
as expected by the party ranks. But the local leadership sought to
develop the activities in the area with a revolutionary orientation.
The struggle against revisionism had provided the necessary
favourable atmosphere and background for their activities.
In this course, in
1965, the leadership of the party and peasant organization in the
area had propagated the revolutionary slogans among the peasant
masses. It propagated about the necessity of poor and landless
peasants seizing and distributing the lands and breaking the
authority of landlords. It moved the peasants in a militant form. The
peasants marching in rallies with their arrows and bows and other
traditional arms and preparing themselves for self defence became a
part of it. The activities that went on in various forms in this
manner and the course of struggle in two years had raised the
consciousness and organization of the peasants to higher level. The
Congress lost power in the March 1967 elections for the State
Assembly and an UF regime with CPI (M) and CPI as its main
constituents was formed in West Bengal. This govt. had created some
hopes and illusions among the
people in the State. But the conscious masses of Naxalbari people did
not setback with folded hands. The local leadership of the party
sought to intensify the movement further. The movement which had
already spread to wider areas had acquired revolutionary features.
Revolutionary
Turn
The Silguri Sub –
division Peasant Organisation held its Conference at Butaganj in
March 1967. This became a significant event in the life of Naxalbari
peasant movement. The Conference gave the clarion call; “All the
lands in Terai region belong to none but tillers;” “The poor and
landless peasants must seize and distribute the lands among
themselves and overthrow the feudal authority”. The peasants, who
were already organized and in action, were very much enthused by this
Call. It made them to jump into the struggle with all determination.
Led by the party and the peasant organization, the peasants had moved
into action in thousands. They began seizing and
distributing the
lands of landlords, tea plantation owners and the Govt. They began
harvesting the
crops in the lands
of landlords. They seized the grainillegally hoarded by the
landlords. They seized the arms which were used by the landlords in
the attacks against the people. They tried the landlords and their
goons in people’s courts and accorded suitable punishments for the
crimes committed by them against the people. They had shown
powerfully how different the people’s power can be from that of
landlords; how the landlords and their henchmen would be reduced into
mere paper tigers when the masses of oppressed people get themselves
organised and move into a revolutionary action. They had shown that
the people can enjoy real freedom when they become the masters of
their lives. The Naxalbari peasant revolutionary movement, had, once
again, shown how the Agrarian Revolution is crucial in India’s New
Democratic Revolution, how significant is the land
question in the
Agrarian Revolution; how the struggle for land and the struggle for
state power are linked and intertwined and how the armed revolution
is crucial in the struggle for state power. The Naxalbari Peasant
Revolutionary Movement had shown that the revolution is not or cannot
be an act of a few armed bands. It can only be a people’s
revolution carried on by the crores of people under the leadership of
working class. The exploited and oppressed masses of people exhibit
marvelous revolutionary consciousness, inexhaustible strength of
organisation and potential of struggle once the proletarian party
properly organizes, prepares and leads them into revolutionary
action.
The revolutionary
reforms carried out by the Naxalbari people had very much frightened
the
exploiting classes
and their hangers on . It became a nightmarish dream for them.
Everyone had faced the question who stands on whose side – the side
of landlords or the struggling peasants? – in a powerful, straight
and inescapable manner.
The CPI (M) and CPI
leaderships—the main constituents of West Bengal UF Govt- were
seriously
disturbed by the
developments in Naxalbari. The leaders had rushed to the area. They
complained that the peasant movement had crossed the “ limits “
and it posed a “law and order” problem. They asked the leadership
of the movement to bring the movement back within the limits of law,
lest, the movement may provide an alibi for the Central govt. to
dismiss the UF Govt. They even warned of disciplinary action as the
party organization in the region still was a part of CPI (M). But the
leadership of the movement did not heed to them.
The movement saw an
added momentum. The West Bengal State Govt. had resorted to arrest
and
foisting of cases
against the cadre and leadership of the movement. The party
leadership in the area took the necessary steps to protect the
organization and movement.
MAY 24
On May 24, 1967, a
big police force had rounded the Khodijosh village under the
Hatighisha panchayat of Naxalbari. But the peasants armed with bows
and arrows had rounded up the police in an attempt to defend
themselves. Having suffered a loss, the police had temporarily
retreated and fled away from the scene.
MAY 25, MARTYRDOM
Next day, ie., on
May 25 th , when the people had gone to Dhakna Jote in Manirampur
panchayat to
attend a public
meeting to be addressed by Com. Kanu Sanyal, a big police force had
landed in Prasad Jote at a distance to Dhakna Jote. At that time,
there were mostly women and children in the village. The women, in an
attempt to defend themselves, had rounded up the police. But, the
police, pretending to be retreating, suddenly and indiscriminately
showered the bullets on the people. As a consequence, 7 women, one
male person and one baby together with the mother holding the baby in
embrace became Martyrs.
Thus the CPI (M)
leadership had exposed its true character nakedly. Its Govt. acted
like any govt. of
the exploiting
classes. It did not hesitate to gun down the struggling people when
it was required to defend the interests of landlords and exploiting
system. The Naxalbari peasant revolutionary movement, however, gave a
great inspiration to the then ongoing ideological struggle against
the Soviet modern revisionism, revisionism and neo-revisionism in
India. It gave an impetus to the efforts of Communist Revolutionaries
inside the CPI (M) to organize themselves into a separate political
force in Bengal as well as at an all India level.
Wave of
Solidarity
In the course of
Naxalbari peasant movement, the tea plantation workers had most
closely and in practice allied themselves with the peasant
revolutionary movement. As the plantation workers were of peasant
origin, in the main, they had responded well to the urges and
aspirations of peasants. Both had forged a strong alliance. Not only
had the workers carried on the struggles on their own problems, but
also in strong support and solidarity with the peasants in all
difficult phases of their struggle. They fought shoulder to shoulder
with the peasants. They defied the police repression and protected
the peasant cadre and leaders as their own kith and kin. Many Workers
had directly joined with the peasants in their efforts to organize
the peasant movement. They provided the leadership to the peasants.
Thus the solidarity that developed between the peasants and workers
in Naxalbari had set a fine model for the worker – peasantalliance,
which is a most essential need of advancing the New Democratic
Revolution in India.
The exploiting
classes and those who stood by them could not achieve the expected
results by their policy of repression.
There erupted a
massive protest in Bengal and other parts of India against the
firings and repression
in Naxalbari. A
Naxalbari Peasant Struggle Solidarity Samithi was formed with an aim
of widely propagating the news of Naxalbari peasant struggle and
mobilizing the support and solidarity to the Naxalbari struggle.
The students of
North Bengal University had responded in a big way. A large number of
students
had gone to
Naxalbari. They provided the leadership. They held solidarity rallies
in several places. In some places, they even clashed with the police.
The Bangiya Provincial Students Federation and its members stood by
the Naxalbari peasant revolutionary movement. The slogans like “Amra
bari – Naxalbari; Amra bari Kharibari; Amra bari Phansideba”;
“Tumra nam – Amra nam – Naxalbari and Vietnam” had
reverberated everywhere. Thousands of peasants took out a massive
rally in the streets of Kolkata in protest against the Govt.
repression and in solidarity with the Naxalbari peasant struggle. The
solidarity actions were witnessed in many other places in India.
The Naxalbari had
created a big commotion throughout India. It had seriously shaken the
Indian politics. It lit a ray of hope in the hearts of exploited and
oppressed people. In many areas, the Communist ranks as well as
conscious people had come to the fore to identify with and own the
Naxalbari.
By this time, the
adivasi peasant movement in Srikakulam (AP) which was developing for
a decade,
had picked up the
momentum. The adivasi and peasant movements in other districts of AP
like East
Godavari, Khamman
and Warangal had advanced. The adivasi and peasant movements in Debra
–
Gopiballabhpur,
Mushahari, Lakhimpur Kheri and other areas of India had developed
taking inspiration from Naxalbari. Thousands of poor and landless
peasants had moved into revolutionary action to occupy and distribute
the lands of landlords and challenge the feudal authority in the
rural areas and against the Comprodar Bourgeois – landlord’s
State.
The Communist
Revolutionaries had formed anAll India Co – ordination Committee of
Communist
Revolutionaries
inside the CPI (M) on Nov 13 th , 1967. The four main tasks set by
the Declaration adopted by this Committee had called upon the CRs:
“I)To develop and co – ordinate militant and revolutionary
struggles at all levels, specially, peasant struggles of the
Naxalbari – type under the leadership of the working class; 2) To
develop militant, revolutionary struggles of the working class and
other toiling peopleto combat economism and to orientate these
struggles towards agrarian revolution; 3) To wage an uncompromising
ideological struggle against revisionism and neo-revisionism and to
popularize the Thought of Mao Tse Tung, which is Marxism – Leninism
of the present era, and to unite on this basis all revolutionary
elements within and outside the party;
4) To undertake
preparations of a revolutionary programme and tactical line based on
the concrete
analysis of the
Indian situation in the light of Com. Mao Tsetung Thought.”
Historically, this
was a most significant, revolutionary and correct call. It had a very
positive
impact on the
struggle of CRs for revolutionary politics and the revolutionary work
being carried by them in various states. It had greatly helped the
efforts to develop the revolutionary movements.
Exploiting
Classes need not be Jubiliant
True; Naxalbari and
other revolutionary movements which had come up in that period had
temporarily suffered serious setbacks. These movements have not yet
recovered from the setbacks. But can the exploiting ruling classes
say that they had solved even a single problem of the Indian
people?Don’t they know that all the promises and sops they are
throwing at the people are only masks for the deception, loot and
atrocities carried on by them against the people? Should we believe
that they do not know and they are not a party to the colossal growth
of corruption, farce, deception, conspiracy, repression and violence
carried on against the people under the pet words like development,
democracy and parliamentary rule? Are not disgust, revulsion and
protest strong and widespread among the people towards the way the
exploiting ruling classes are waging a dog fight and gamble for
power? Don’t they know what they are doing in the name of economic
development and reforms is nothing but shamelessly and treacherously
mortgaging and selling away our Country to foreign imperialists? Why
they are building up the repressive machinery into such a colossal
body when they really believe that they had completely suppressed the
CRs and set the people on the road of peace and progress? Why they
are taking so much trouble to sow illusions, divisions, hostilities
and mutual clashes among the people and divert them in thousand and
one ways? Because, whether they accept it openly or not, the
exploiting ruling classes are definitely aware of one bitter truth.
The society they are sitting on and seeking to protect by all means
is based on exploitation and oppression. It is a society that
squeezes the blood and robs the overwhelming majority of people
to fatten a miniscule minority of landlords, comprador bourgeoisie and
imperialists. It is a truth of life that no masks, no bluffings,
no brandishing of repressive weapons can conceal or suppress.
Therefore, ups and downs, setbacks and temporary defeats will not
deter the people from their efforts and struggle. They would
definitely learn from their experiences, find ways and means to
overcome the problems and march toward final victory. So the
exploiting ruling classes need not be overtaken by the jubilation
because it is an illusion.
A Symbol of
Revolutionary Mass Line
The Naxalbari is a
product of revolutionary mass line. It gave an inspiration and
impetus to some similar movements. It cannot be denied that by the
time these movements had come up, they had some weaknesses to be
overcome. The CRs at the time took the view that the weaknesses that
were to be or that could be overcome must be attempted, not by
keeping aside the then ongoing struggles, but in the course of
providing suitable leadership to them.
The CPI (M)
leadership at the time argued that the revolution was unimaginable
without a strong and wide base of party organization, mass base and
democratic movement. When the revolutionary
movements had faced
setbacks and the CRs were struggling to overcome the divisions, wrong
trends and other difficulties, some sought to heckle the Crs saying
that they were reaping the fruits of their petty bourgeois
impetuasity. It was indeed pathetic for anyone who claims to be
adhering to Marxism Leninism to heckle or laugh at the setbacks,
losses, temporary defeats and difficulties encountered by the
revolutionary movements. With all modesty we would like to know what
efforts they have done in the last 50 years to overcome the kind of
weaknesses they warned about and put the class struggle on the rails
of revolution?; What efforts they have done to apply the teachings of
Marx, Engels and Lenin (Here we are not mentioning the names of
Stalin and Mao), the experiences of victorious revolutions to the
concrete conditions of India and formulate a revolutionary line
applicable for
India? We agree that they are having a mass base many times greater
than that of CRs. But what politics they had imparted to the masses
of people? Are their steps, however slow they might be, taking them
towards revolution or in the opposite direction? Here we do not draw
any conclusions. The facts speak for themselves.
The left adventurist
politics that had emerged right in the early phase of CR movement and
came to
dominate had played
havoc with the CR and revolutionary movement. It made the task of
overcoming the
weaknesses in the movement more difficult. The left as well as right
trends and series of splits had badly affected the CR and
revolutionary movement. The CRs are carrying on consistent and
relentless efforts to overcome them, unify the CRs onthe basis of
revolutionary mass line and to build a single, united party of the
proletariat in our Country. As part of this, we are seriously
striving to put an end to the prejudices, antagonisms and clashes and
develop an healthy atmosphere in the CR movement. At some levels and
in possible forms we are having united action. We hope, the results
we win in these efforts would place the CRs in a better position.
They would also help to overcome the weakness and divisions, gain
strength and advance with greater momentum.
Revolutionary
Movement did not Stop
The conditions
today are not gloomy. The Marxist --Leninist forces in various
countries of the world are striving to reorganize themselves and
provide the leadership to the people. All the basic contradictions in
the world, more particularly, the contradiction between imperialism
and oppressed nations, people; the contradictions among the
imperialist powers are getting intensified with every day. Last
decade had witnessed mass upheavals in several countries of the
Middle East against the effects of imperialist – dictated policies
of liberalization, globalization and autocratic and the anti –
people policies of their Govts. The US policies of hegemonism,
threat, intervention, armed invasion and war carried in the name of
opposing the Weapons of Mass Destruction, terrorism and other pleas
had encountered and are encountering massive opposition, resistance
and protest from the oppressed nations and people in the world as we
have seen in Iraq, Afghanistan, Iran, Syria and many other Countries
of the world. The Palestinian people are continuing most difficult
and prolonged struggle for Homeland against the imperialist –
backed Israeli Zionist rulers. The world capitalist
economy is rocked by worst crisis. The working class and other
toiling people in the capitalist countries are increasingly coming
out into strikes, protests and massive agitations demanding better
working and living conditions, jobs and opposing the closure of
industries, cuts in the welfare programmes, so called austerity
measures, imposition of heavy economic burdens by the rulers. The hue
and cry raised by the rulers in the capitalist and imperialist
countries is being used as a convenient tool to divert the people
from the problem of unemployment which has assumed serious
dimensions. The rulers in these countries, in an attempt to divert
the people from the real problems and justify their suppressive
policies, are using the danger of terrorism and are promoting the
fascist and racist forces and activities. The conscious masses of
people in these countries are seeing this game and raising their
voice against them.
India is plagued by
serious economic and political crisis. The democracy, electoral
process through
which the exploiting
ruling classes claim the legitimacy and people’s consent for their
rule have exposed their hollowness, farcical nature and crisis today
more than never before. The people are seeing more clearly the
disastrous consequences of the so called new economic policies and
reforms of the ruling classes to the country and people. Their
slogans like “development”; “make in India” are nothing but
opening flood – gates for the imperialist powers to recklessly loot
and control the country’s resources and shamelessly prostrate
before them. These policies are curtailing the hard won rights of the
workers; denying the opportunities for employment to the millions of
youth,
robbing away and
depriving the adivasis, coastal people, peasants and other toiling
people from their right over the lands, natural resources,
traditional means of livelihood, house sites, evading the
responsibility to
provide the basic necessities of life. The people are reacting
against these policies in various forms. They are increasingly coming
out into protests, organized and united struggles in defence of their
rights. The adivasis and peasants in different parts of the country
like AP, Odisha, TN, Jharkhand and Bihar are carrying on struggle
against the forcible acquisition of lands and the loot of natural
resources carried on by the rulers in the name of big projects,
setting up of industries and atomic power plants, etc; by the MNCs
and Indian Corporate Houses. The fisher folk in many coastal areas
are carrying on struggle to protect their traditional rights of
fishing and other means of livelihood. Dalits, together with other
democratic forces, are increasingly taking the road of organized
struggle against the caste discrimination, caste oppression,
atrocities and brutal attacks perpetrated by the feudal, upper
casteist and hindu communal fascist forces backed by the BJP led
regime and under various pleas like gow raksha, etc; Women, youth and
students are on the path of struggle. The progressive, rationalist
and democratic forces in the field of history, science, art,
literature and education, etc., are defying threats, attacks and even
murderous acts and are putting up a conscious and organized struggle
against the dark forces of obscurantism, communalism, pseudo
nationalism and pseudo patriotism. The struggle for democratic rights
of people and against the environmental destruction aggrevated by the
anti-nature and pro-imperialist policies of the rulers is developing
in the country.
The adivasi and
peasant revolutionary move- ments are continuing in various parts of
the country
even in the face of
many odds and ups and downs. Organised and united themselves in the
adivasi and peasant organizations the people are waging militant
struggles to defend and restore their rights over the lands. They are
protecting the lands seized back from the illegal possession of
landlords and from the brutal attacks by the landlords and police.
The adivasis are struggling to foil the
attempts of
landlords, their henchmen and the govts. to sow divisions among them
as well as between adivasis and non – adivasi poor, develop the
mutual hostilities and clashes among them.
All these facts show
that the objective conditions in the country are favourable for the
peoples struggles to take a militant and revolutionary form and the
people are looking for a party and leadership that can provide the
leadership to their struggle in all its forms and in all its stages
of development for the resolution of their basic problems.
Hold High the
Flag of Revolution
On the eve of 50
years of Naxalbari Peasant Revolutionary Movement, let us remember
the
revolutionary heroes
who became Martyrs in 1967. Let us pay our revolutionary homage to
them.
Recollecting the
Naxalbari Peasant Revolutionary Movement is not just an act of
ritual. Some still seek to wrongly depict this struggle as a product
or symbol of left adventurist politics and practice with a view to
keep the left adventurist politics alive in one form or other. Let us
take the message of Naxalbari Peasant Revolutionary Movement widely
among the people as a struggle that powerfully represented the
revolutionary mass line, the path of agrarian revolution and
advocated the need of developing the peasantry as the main
revolutionary force under the leadership of working class and on the
basis of firm worker –peasant alliance;The Naxalbari Peasant
Revolutionary Movement was a struggle of the revolutionary classes
for land, food and change of semi – colonial and semi – feudal
society into a New Democratic Society and a struggle that represented
the path of protracted armed revolution. Let us deeply study the
experience of this struggle and learn
from the valuable lessons this struggle provides and use them to set
the CRs and the revolutionary
movements on the assured road of advance. Let us pledge to carry
forward and complete the unfinished tasks of Naxalbari. Let us own
and carry forward best of the consciousness and Communist qualities
represented by the Martyrs of Naxalbari. Let us get rid of the alien
class and unhealthy tendencies that crept into us and the CR movement
in the last 50 years of our journey in the midst and under the impact
of ups and downs, setbacks and stagnations, and, in one word, we must
shed all the tendencies that are not consistent with the CRs and
Communist Revolutionary Organisations and cause harm to the
revolutionary movement.
Let us overcome
the divisions among the Crs, develop united action, a fine atmosphere
of unity and pave the way for the building of a single, unified Party
of proletariat in our Country.
Let us use all
our energies and efforts to advance the New Democratic Revolution in
India in the light of a correct Reveloutionary Mass Line.
********************************************************************************
